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Kidney

A sickle cell and a normal blood cell

The kidney is responsible for filtering the blood and is at risk for damage in individuals with sickle cell. The sickled red blood cells cause and damage to the vessels of the kidney which have short and long term issues to be aware of.

  • Low Blood Pressure

    • Low blood pressure is more common in SCD than in the general population. This is thought to be due to changes in blood vessels and the body’s absorption of salt. Signs of low blood pressure include lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness, confusion or fainting.
    • It is important to make sure you are staying hydrated throughout the day, and especially during pain episodes or infections when drinking water may be more difficult.
  • Infection

    • Infections of the urinary tract are more common in individuals with sickle cell disease due to the increased irritation and the loss of water at a faster rate. Signs of infection include blood in the urine, pain with urination, flank pain, belly pain, fever or nausea and vomiting.
  • Chronic kidney injury

    • The increased irritation in the kidney in individuals with sickle cell can cause damage to the filtration systems of the kidney. In childhood the kidneys will work harder and there may be some protein lost in the urine. Through early adulthood, there will be a slow reduction in the filtration abilities of the kidney as the kidney is no longer able to repair damage. This is referred to as chronic kidney disease and should be evaluated by a kidney specialist who may recommend blood pressure control medications, dialysis, or kidney transplant
    • Signs: Tiredness, weight loss, swelling in the feet and legs, shortness of breath
    • You can help slow kidney damage by avoiding medications that harm the kidneys. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and ketorolac can damage the kidneys if taken long term. Specific antibiotics and radiocontrast material used for imaging studies can also damage the kidneys. You should discuss your kidney health with your doctor before taking these medications
    • Using hydroxyurea has been shown to decrease the risk for blocked arteries in individuals with sickle cell and improve kidney function. Because this drug is removed from the body by the kidneys, changes in the health of your kidneys may call for a change in the dose of hydroxyurea. The timing and dose may also change if you are receiving dialysis, your kidney specialist will be able to determine the best treatment plan for you.
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